Elements
Mater is made up of elements which occur in nature as a mixture of more than one isotope. They can be artificially produced and the arrangement of elements is called periodic table.
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Science – Coal, mining and usage
Modern techniques had produced numerous color shades in textile.
Dyes
The plant and animal fibers we use to make our textiles have little natural color. They are mostly off-white or brownish-yellow. We therefore have to add color to them in the form of a dye. Man has dyed cloth for thousands of years with coloring matter taken from plants, such as madder and indigo, and animals, such as cochineal. But the range of natural dyes is very limited.
In 1856, however, the English chemist William Perkin made a purple dye from aniline, a substance in coal tar. It was the first synthetic (man-made) dye. Since then literally thousands of coal-tar, or aniline dyes have been manufactured in all the colors of the rainbow. They are cheaper and more brilliant than natural dyes. Also they are fast, or resistant to washing and to sunlight.
