English Civil War
The cause of civil war fought in England. The red coat army uniform was introduced in this war. The Scots also joined this war.
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During Crimean War, in the bitter winter of 1854-5, thousands of British troops died while laying siege to the Russian-held town of Sebastopol.
Crimean War
In 1853 Russia invaded the Turkish Empire to protect Christians living there. Britain and France were afraid that Russia wanted to break up the Turkish Empire and gain power in the eastern Mediterranean. They allied with Turkey and declared war on Russia in 1854.
The Allied army landed in the Crimea in September 1854. They wished to capture the naval base at Sebastopol. The Russians were defeated at the River Alma and Sebastopol was besieged. The Russians made two attempts to drive the Allies away, in the indecisive battles of Balaclava and Inkerman. At Balaclava, muddled orders caused 700 cavalry of the Light Brigade to charge the Russian guns. Over one-third of the men and two-thirds of the horses were killed.
The winter of 1854-55 was very cold, and the supply system of the British army was bad. The soldiers did not have enough food, fuel or warm clothes. Thousands died of disease in spite of the efforts of Florence Nightingale and other nurses. The miseries of war were made public for the first time by photographers and newspapermen.
Sebastopol finally fell in September, 1855. Peace came in 1856, but none of the countries involved in the war had achieved anything of importance.
