Albert Einstein
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), ranks among the greatest scientists the world has produced. He made many outstanding contributions to science, the theory of relativity being one of the most famous. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel prize for physics.
In 1905 when he was still only 26, Einstein published four papers on different aspects of physics. These all became foundations for new fields of study. The motion of particles in liquids (the Brownian motion) and the nature of light were explained in two papers. They helped prove theories of the nature of matter.
Another paper was concerned with the relation between mass and energy. Einstein put forward the now famous equation E = m(c Square) (energy equals mass times the velocity of light squared). Einstein's work became the foundation for the atomic research which eventually led to the production of the atomic bomb.
The most important of the 1905 papers was the one dealing with the theory of relativity. This gave a new concept to the beliefs that space, time, matter, and energy were all separate from each other. Einstein showed that they were in fact interchangeable.
Although born in Germany, Einstein became an American citizen in 1940, and spent the rest of his life in the United States. He was made a professor at the specially created Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, and worked there till his death in 1955.

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