Great Wall of China
The Long Wall of Ten Thousand Miles, which we call the Great Wall, was built between 230 and 220 B.C. It is approximately 1,600 miles long and stretches from a pillar by the sea, 'the Pillar-Bridge of Heaven', into .the western mountains. It runs along the northern edge of the Yellow River plain. The wall was built, with watchtowers and forts, to protect China from the 'Western barbarians', the Hsiung Nu, known to Europeans as the Huns.
Between 260 and 221 B.C. the Chin emperors united the huge area around the Yellow and the Yangtze Rivers. This was called China after them. To the west, as far as central Europe, there stretched open grass steppes. The tribes who lived there were nomads. They were wanderers. On many occasions through history they united in an attack on the civilized areas which surrounded them. The Chin emperor sent 300,000 soldiers, criminals, unreliable civil servants and disloyal writers to build the Great Wall against these nomads.

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