Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was an order made by President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War that freed the slaves in the Confederate states. Earlier in the war, Lincoln had resisted demands to free the slaves because he did not wish to alienate the border states that were wavering between the Union and the Confederacy. But by summer, 1862, he had decided that freeing the slaves would help the Union.
On September 22, he issued a preliminary proclamation. It stated that on January 1, 1863, all slaves in rebel states would be freed. It was followed on January 1 by the formal Emancipation Proclamation. However, it did not free slaves in slave states that had remained in the Union or in re-conquered territories. Slavery was finally abolished throughout the United States by the 13th amendment, passed by Congress in December 1865.

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